Physics basic formulas and tips

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Physics Basic Formulas .                                 
Basics of the Basics. Everything in brackets on last sentences are the unite'


s=d/t
Speed = distance / time.
Average speed = total distance / total time.
(m/s or cm/s)

v=d/t
Velocity= displacement / time .
(m/s + direction)

a=(vf-vi)/t or Δv/t
Acceleration is equal to (final v - initial v) / time.
(m/s²)

g=10 m/s²
Gravity; acceleration of a free falling object is 10 m/s².
(m/s² or N/kg)

F=ma
Newton's 2nd Law; the force on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration.
(Newtons (N))

Fg=mg=W
Force of gravity on an object is the product of the mass and gravity, which is its weight.
(N)

F=kx
Hooke's law: The extension of a spring (x) is proportional to the load placed on the spring (F), until it reaches the limit of proportionality. K is the spring constant; it is in N/m or N/cm. It is a number that describes how hard it is to stretch the spring.
(F in N, K in N/cm or N/m, x in cm or m)

Ek=1/2mv²
Kinetic Energy; energy of motion = 1/2 x mass x velocity².
(Joules (J))

Ep=mhg
Gravitational potential energy; energy due to height of an object above the Earth=mass x gravity x height (g=10 m/s²).
(J)

Ep=Ek(mgh=1/2mv²)
Conservation of energy for a falling body, energy at top (mgh) is equal to the energy at the bottom (1/2 mv²) and vice versa.

W=Fd
Work is force times distance, measured in Joules.
(J)

W=ΔE
When you do work on an object you change its energy, either its kinetic energy or potential energy.
(J)

W=Fd=ΔEk or ΔEp
Conservation of energy for work done on an object.

P=W/t or ΔE/t
Power is the rate of work or energy transfer.
(Watts (W) or J/s)

Efficiency
Efficiency = (useful work or power output) / (total work or power input) x 100%.
(%)

Pressure=F/A
P=pgh density x gravity x height (depth in the water).
(Pa or N/m²)

Q=mc Δ T
The heat energy is joules required to change temperature of matter with no phase change.
(J)

c=Q/(m Δ T)
Specific heat capacity = the head needed to change 1kg of a substance by 1°c.
(J/Kg°c)

Q= mL
Lf or Lv; The heat energy in joules required for a phase change (either melting, Lf, or boiling Lv).

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